A data stream is a real-time, continuous, ordered (implicitly by arrival time or explicitly by timestamp) sequence of items. It is impossible to control the order in which items arrive, nor is it feasible to locally store a stream in its entirety.
| Spatial Question | Description |
|---|---|
| Location (identify) |
What exist at specific location? What object is located at 49N 123W? |
| Condition (search) |
Where can you find specific conditions? where do low income residents live? |
| Trends (overlay analysis) |
What has changed over time? What is the change in green area size from 2000? |
| Routing (network analysis) |
Which is the best way to travel? How can I reach a destination in the least time? |
| Patterns (Query analysis) |
How are object distributed in geographic space? Does salmon streams affect bear presence? |
| Modeling (building spatial models) |
How would conditions change in the future? What areas will be floored by 1m sea level rise? |
Text mining refers to the process of extracting interesting and non-trivial information and knowledge from unstructured text
X causes Y iff (if noly if) there is some manipulation of X leading to a change in the probability distribution of Y. (Judea Pearl, 2000; Neapolitan, 2003)
